View source for Arma: GUI Configuration

== Introduction ==

Dialogs are one way to provide custom graphical user interface in your missions and allow interaction with the player aswell as they are able to run [[Code|code]]. They are defined as classes in the [[Description.ext|description.ext]] file.

'''Notice:''' If you change your description.ext file while the mission is still open in the editor, you will have to reload or resave the mission before the changes will take effect.  This behaviour is due to the fact the mission editor only reads the description.ext file during save/load. '''Eden editor will automatically update the description.ext on mission preview.'''

'''Warning:''' If there are syntactic errors in your description.ext file (e.g. incorrect spelling of keywords), then the game will simply return to desktop while processing the file, stating the nature and location of the error that caused it.

Most of these definitions work with numeric constants, which are presented in [[#Constants|the following section]]. For readability purposes you should consider favoring them instead of the actual integers.

* Positions and dimensions (x, y, w, h) aswell as font sizes are '''relative''' to the viewport ('''not''' pixel values). Vieweport is a 4:3 area which covers the whole screen with ''Very Large'' interface size, but gets smaller with small interface sizes (and user interface gets smaller as well). See [[GUI Coordinates]] for more information
* Colors are usually defined in the following convention: <tt>{ Red, Green, Blue, Alpha }</tt>, each ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 as well. To easily convert from the more standard 0-255 range, simply divide the 255 based number by 255.
* Sounds are usually defined in the following convention: <tt>{ "file.ogg", volume, pitch }</tt>, Volume ranges from 0.0 to 1.0.  Pitch is a floating point number ranging from 0.0 to 4.0.  2.0 doubles the pitch (makes it higher), 0.5 halfs the pitch (makes it deeper) and 1.0 is normal. 

<!-- I have no idea. Someone please correct the sound convention. -->

You can find a complete list of scripting related GUI functions in [[:Category:Command Group: GUI Control]].

===Dialogs and Displays===

In theory, there is no difference.

This document attempts to cover the genre of controls (idc's), dialogs (idd's), and displays (also idd's). It attempts to apply the same consistency as one (currently) finds in mission description.ext's, as well as configs. Specifically, config.cpp's relating to the so-called 'user ui'.

This document must be inaccurate because *everything* config-dialogs/displays/controls is at the whim of engine revisions and which flavor pizza was eaten on Friday night.

The token names used for color (purely as an example) are currently not only inconsistent across controls, they are subject to whim. Any addition to the engine's capabilities (with new control types) will (if history is the judge) produce new token names, that do exactly same as different names in other controls. color[]=, colorText[]= ActiveColor[]=ShadowColo[]= (an engine typo) =ColorActive[]=FrenchFries[]=..... all meaning the same thing (and NOT meaning the same thing, depending on the control's type)

Unfortunately, the current state of play with Arrowhead engine (and all engines prior) is that the entire caboodle is arbitrary. In terms of ui.config.cpp, most controls and most displays are hard-wired to the engine. 

For config.cpp's, one of the hardest animals to deal with is the fixed-in-concrete classname definitions, aligned with matching fixed-in-concrete idd's.

Purely as an example 

RscDisplaySelectIsland uses an idd of 51. Both are currently nuclear fallout shelters (hardened concrete). you can't change the name, you can't change the idd.

The engine is hard wired (with the equivalent of) createDisplay "RscDisplaySelectIsland" via various fixed-in-conrete idc's of other displays. There is no action, no eventhandler, no over-ride, which you can apply to this 'behavior'. Similarly, the engine reacts to that displays controls with hard-wired _display ctrlParent 'control' expecting the _display idd to be 51 to proceed any further. (in this case, open the editor and show the selected island's map)

There is nothing wrong with this approach. It has been the same since CWC. But, with the increasing abundance of official bis sqf scripts which specifically deal with and react to ui controls and displays (see \ca\ui\scripts). The burden of the engine dealing with this is becoming anachronistic and contrary to the flexibility that those scripts provide.

In short:
*The token names described here as general, have to be taken in context to the control/display they are used in. There can be no guarantee that they are the same for all controls, and no guarantee that they wont change. the bin\config.bin of the engine, is the ultimate umpire. It declares what this engine, expects.
*Any reference to eventHandlers and 'actions' are subject to the whim of the engine. It may, or may not, force-over-ride any action depending on display(idd) and it's control (idc)
*Any class definition may or may not be fixed in concrete. Some classnames are, some classnames are not. Which ones, depend on whether it's Monday afternoon.


== Dialogs ==

Dialogs are parent containers for the actual controls it contains. Their definition contains several properties on the controls it contains, how the dialog can be addressed, and whether or not the player is able to continue regular movement while the dialog is shown.

They can be defined in the [[Description.ext|description.ext]] file or externalized to separate hpp-files, which are included in the description.ext file using the [[PreProcessor_Commands#.23include|#include]] preprocessor directive. The latter method is generally a good idea to split a large description.ext file into several small chunks in order to keep track of what's where.

Most often, controls of a dialog are defined within the definition of the dialog itself, though it's a good practice to generalize common controls in a base definition in the global scope. See [[#Best practice|best practice]] for details. For simplicity we won't apply this practice in the following code examples.


{| border="1" align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#bbbbff" | Properties
|-
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Name
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Type
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Remark
|-
| '''idd'''
| integer
| The unique ID number of this dialog. can be -1 if you don't require access to the dialog itself from within a script.
|-
| '''movingEnable'''
| boolean
| Specifies whether the dialog can be moved or not (if enabled one of the dialogs controls should have the ''moving'' property set to 1 so it becomes the "handle" the dialog can be moved with). Doesn't seem to matter in Arma 3
|-
| '''enableSimulation'''
| boolean
| Specifies whether the game continues while the dialog is shown or not.
|-
| '''controlsBackground'''
| array
| Contains class names of all background controls associated to this dialog.<br>
The sequence in which the controls are listed will decide their z-index (i.e. the last ones will on top of the first ones).
|-
| '''controls'''
| array
| Contains class names of all foreground controls associated to this dialog.
|-
| '''objects'''
| array
|
|-
|}<br clear="all">


Setting the ''idd'' property to a non-negative (i.e. "useful") number is only required if you want to access the dialog itself via the [[findDisplay]] function. Accessing the dialog itself via the ''idd'' property though does not mean that you can implicitly access the controls within the dialog. For that you will have to rely on the control's ''idc'' properties. Hence, in most basic cases you won't need it and -1 should be sufficient.

It's also noteworthy for more advanced developers that there is a numeric property named '''''access''''' with the following possible values (and their named constants):
* '''0''' - ''ReadAndWrite'' - this is the default case where properties can still be added or overridden.
* '''1''' - ''ReadAndCreate'' - this only allows creating new properties.
* '''2''' - ''ReadOnly'' - this does not allow to do anything in deriving classes.
* '''3''' - ''ReadOnlyVerified'' - this does not allow to do anything either in deriving classes, and a CRC check will be performed.
This does not have any impact other than limiting what deriving classes are allowed to (re-)specify. Generally this is not required for dialogs or dialog controls and can be safely ignored.

Here's an example of a dialog that will only display ''Hello world'' in the top right corner of the screen. If you get confused by the ''MyHelloText'' class, just ignore it for the moment until you have read details on the definition of controls  in the following chapter, [[#Controls|Controls]].

* '''Example 1:'''
<code><nowiki>#define true 1
#define false 0

class MyHelloWorldDialog {
	idd = -1;                      // set to -1, because we don't require a unique ID
	movingEnable = true;           // the dialog can be moved with the mouse (see "moving" below)
	enableSimulation = false;      // freeze the game
	controlsBackground[] = { };    // no background controls needed
	objects[] = { };               // no objects needed
	controls[] = { MyHelloText };  // our "Hello world" text as seen below:
	
	class MyHelloText {
		idc = -1;              // set to -1, unneeded
		moving = 1;            // left click (and hold) this control to move the dialog
		                       // (requires "movingEnabled" to be 1, see above)
		type = CT_STATIC;      // constant
		style = ST_LEFT;       // constant
		text = "Hello world";
		font = FontM;
		sizeEx = 0.023;

		colorBackground[] = { 1, 1, 1, 0.3 };
		colorText[] = { 0, 0, 0, 1 };

		x = 0.8;
		y = 0.1;
		w = 0.2;
		h = 0.05;
	};
};</nowiki></code>


* '''Example 2:'''
The benefit of the following syntax is that you do not need to double list all of the control class names.
<code><nowiki>class RscText; // assume external declaration

class MyHelloWorldDialog {
	idd = -1;
	movingEnable = 0;
	class controlsBackground { 
		// define controls here
	};
	class objects { 
		// define controls here
	};
	class controls { 
		// define controls here
	
		class MyHelloText: RscText {
			idc = -1;
			text = "Hello world";
			x = 0.80;
			y = 0.10;
			w = 0.20;
			h = 0.05;
		};
	};
};</nowiki></code>

Once you have defined (or prototyped) dialogs you want to use, be sure to reload the mission in the editor if it is already running.
In the Eden editor it's enough to save the mission via CTRL + S (Default). This will precompile the description.ext.


=== Creating dialogs ===

Dialogs can then be created and shown using the [[createDialog]] function. If you do so by script and await a responsive action from the user, you might also want to wait until the user has closed the dialog by using a wait statement (e.g. [[waitUntil]]) in conjunction with the [[dialog]] function, if you intend to handle the dialog result within the same script.

* '''Example:'''
<code><nowiki>_ok = createDialog "MyHelloWorldDialog";
waitUntil { !dialog }; // hit ESC to close it
hint "Dialog closed.";</nowiki></code>

=== Closing dialogs ===

In most use cases a dialog "closes itself", ie. by invoking the [[closeDialog]] function in an ''action'' field. However dialogs don't necessarily have to close themselves, but can also be closed from the "outside" (ie. by scripts or triggers). Once closed, the [[dialog]] function returns <tt>false</tt> and wait statements with a <tt>!dialog</tt> condition will end.

* '''Example''' - close by action
<code><nowiki>class CloseButton : RscButton {
	/* ... */
	type = CT_BUTTON;
	text = "Close";
	action = "closeDialog 0";
}</nowiki></code>
* '''Example''' - close by external request
<code><nowiki>closeDialog 0</nowiki></code>

== Controls ==

Controls are the actual content of dialogs and can be anything, ranging from simple solid rectangles to a complex 3d object within a dialog. Like dialogs, controls can have a unique ID saved in the ''idc'' property to access them from within scripts using [[:Category:Command_Group:_GUI_Control|GUI functions]].

The type of the control is usually set in the ''type'' property. Different types allow or require a different set of properties. However most controls share a set of properties in addition to the properties described in the following sections:

{| border="1" align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#bbbbff" | Common properties
|-
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Name
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Type
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Remark
|-
| '''idc'''
| integer
| the unique ID number of this control. can be -1 if you don't require access to the control itself from within a script
|-
| '''moving'''
| boolean
| whether the dialog will be moved if this control is dragged (may require "movingEnable" to be 1 in the dialog. In Arma 3 works regardless). Another way of allowing moving of the dialog is to have control of style ST_TITLE_BAR
|-
| '''type'''
| integer [[#Constants|CT_TYPES]]
| 
|-
| '''style'''
| integer [[#Constants|CT_STYLES]]
| can be combinatorial: style = "0x400+0x02+0x10"; 
|-
| '''x/y/w/h'''
| float
| the position and size of the control in fractions of screen size.
|-
| '''sizeEx'''
| float
| the font size of text (0..1)
|-
| '''font'''
| string
| the font to use. See the list of [[Fonts#Available_Fonts|available fonts]] for possible values
|-
| '''colorText'''
| color array
| text color
|-
| '''colorBackground'''
| color array
| background color
|-
| '''text'''
| string or texture
| the text '''or picture''' to display
|-
| '''shadow'''
| 0,1 or 2
| can be applied to most controls (0 = no shadow, 1 = drop shadow with soft edges, 2 = stroke).
|-
| '''tooltip'''
| string
| Text to display in a tooltip when control is moused over. A tooltip can be added to any control type except CT_STATIC and CT_STRUCTURED_TEXT. Note: As of Arma 3 v1.48 (approx), most controls now support tooltips.
|-
| '''tooltipColorShade'''
| color array
| Tooltip background color
|-
| '''tooltipColorText'''
| color array
| Tooltip text color
|-
| '''tooltipColorBox'''
| color array
| Tooltip border color
|
|-
| '''autocompete'''
| string
| Option for entry fields (e.g. RscEdit) to activate autocompletion. For known script commands and functions use autocomplete = "scripting".
|
|-
| '''url'''
| string
| URL which will be opened when clicking on the control. Used on e.g. a button control. Does not utilize the Steam Overlay browser if enabled, opens the link in the default browser set by the OS.
|}<br clear="all">


===Attributes class===
{| border="1" align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#bbbbff" | Properties
|-
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Name
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Type
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Remark
|-
| '''font'''
| string
| 
|-
| '''color'''
| HTML color
| 
|-
| '''align'''
| string
| center, left, etc
|-
| '''shadow'''
| integer
| not image class
		
|}<br clear="all">
===AttributesImage class===
{| border="1" align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#bbbbff" | Properties
|-
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Name
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Type
! bgcolor="#ddddff" | Remark
|-
| '''font'''
| string
| optional
|-
| '''color'''
| HTML color
| 
|-
| '''align'''
| string
| center, left, etc optional
|-
|}<br clear="all">

To save space and effort, it is generally a good idea to make use of class polymorphism, i.e. deriving from very basic classes that already have some specific properties set. See the [[#Best_practice|Best practice]] for details.