View source for PreProcessor Commands

{{SideTOC|0.9}}
The parser allows you to use macros in configs. Macros are a bit similar to functions in programming and allow you to use a single definition many times in the config, without having to duplicate the whole definition again and again. It also gives you a centralized place to correct errors in this definition. This page mainly refers to '''{{ofp}}''', some examples won't work for {{arma}} and {{arma2}}.<br>
If you really want to dig into the depths of the preprocessor you'll need to confront it with a bunch of edge cases and see how it behaves. If you are interested in this kind of thing, you might want to have a look at the collection of test-cases linked at the end of this page.<br>
{{Feature arma3 | In {{arma3}}, preprocessor commands are <b>case-sensitive!</b>}}


== Parsing ==

* '''[[Config.cpp]]''' - parsed when PBO is binarized.
** [[localize]] cannot be used in macros, as it would hardcode string of current language instead of creating reference.
* '''[[Description.ext]]''' - parsed when mission is loaded or previewed in missions list.
* '''[[SQF]] script''' - parsed when [[preprocessFile]], [[preprocessFileLineNumbers]] or [[execVM]] is used.


== Macros ==

=== Comments ===

A comment is a line within code that is not actually processed by the game engine. They are used to make code more readable or to add notes for future reference. The preprocessor removes all comments from the file before it is processed. Therefore, comments are never actually "seen" by the game engine.

Comments may span multiple lines, or only part of a line if needed.

 {{cc|this is a single-line comment}}
 
 {{codecomment|/* this is a
 multi-line
 comment */}}
 
 mycode = something; {{cc|only this part of the line is commented out}}
 
 myArray = ["apple"{{codecomment|/*,"banana*/}},"pear"]; {{cc|// a portion in the middle of this line is commented out}}

=== #define ===

Using the ''#define'' instruction, you can define a keyword and assign a definition to it. The keyword may contain any letter, digit or underscore in arbitrary order, as long as it doesn't start with a digit (RegEx: <tt>[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]*</tt>). As an example:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define true 1
</syntaxhighlight>

The above means that whenever ''true'' is used in a config, the parser will replace this with the value ''1''.

The define-statement does swallow all spaces in between the macro-keyword and any non-space-character in the body (Note that tabs aren't spaces! They don't get removed)
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MACRO                     test
MACRO // preprocesses to test (without any spaces)

#define MACRO	test // There's a tab between MACRO and test
MACRO // preprocesses to "	test" (without quotes - they are only used to show that the tab character didn't get removed)
</syntaxhighlight>

The space between the macro-keyword and the body is also fully optional (though very useful to tell the preprocessor where the macro name ends and where the body begins):
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MACRO#test
MACRO // preprocesses to "test"
</syntaxhighlight>

==== Arguments ====
You can add arguments to more complex macros, by including them between brackets after the keyword. For the name of the arguments the same rule as for the macro-keyword (see above) apply.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define CAR(NAME) displayName = NAME;
</syntaxhighlight>

If you now use ''CAR("Mini")'', this will be replaced with ''displayName = "Mini";''. Multiple arguments can also be used:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define BLASTOFF(UNIT,RATE) UNIT setVelocity [0,0,RATE];
</syntaxhighlight>

Macro arguments may be composed of any characters, as long as they do not contain a comma (because commas are used as argument-delimiters). If quotes are being used, they have to be balanced. The same applies to single-quotes This is because String detection is working in macro arguments - Therefore you can even pass in commas as macro argument as long as they are part of a String (This only works with Strings wrapped in double-quotes though). Note however that although the macro gets resolved properly, the comma gets reomved from the String (probably a bug).
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MACRO(arg) arg
MACRO("Some, content") // preprocesses to "Some content" (note the missing comma)
</syntaxhighlight>

Quote escaping is also not supported in this context (neither with double- nor with single-quotes)
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MACRO(arg) arg
MACRO("Some ""content""") // preprocesses to "Some ""content"""
</syntaxhighlight>

Passing arrays with more than one element <tt>[el1,el2,...]</tt> as arguments into macros as well as any argument containing comas <tt>"some, sentence"</tt>, will need a small workaround:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define HINTARG(ARG) hint ("Passed argument: " + str ARG)
</syntaxhighlight>

Incorrect usage:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
HINTARG([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]); // ERROR, won't even compile
</syntaxhighlight>

Correct usage:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define array1 [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0] 
HINTARG(array1); // SUCCESS
</syntaxhighlight>

The argument replacement is performed before expansion of the macro body. That means one doesn't have to worry about name-conflicts between argument-names of the current macro and already defined macros:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define ONE foo
#define TWO(ONE) ONE
TWO(bar) // will preprocess to bar
</syntaxhighlight>

==== Replacing parts of words ====
By default you can only replace whole words by arguments. If you need to replace only part of a word, you can use the ''##'' instruction. This is necessary when either the start or the end of the argument connects to another character that is not a ''';''' (semi-colon) or &nbsp; (space).
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class NAME##_Button_Slider: RscText \
{ \
	model = \OFP2\Structures\Various\##FOLDER##\##FOLDER; \
</syntaxhighlight>

You can also use the single ''#'' to convert an argument to a string.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
statement = (this animate [#SEL, 0]); \
</syntaxhighlight>

==== Multi-line ====
For longer definitions, you can stretch the macro across multiple lines. To create a multi-line definition, each line except the last one should end with a ''\'' character:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define DRAWBUTTON(NAME)\
	__EXEC(idcNav = idcNav + 4) \
	...
</syntaxhighlight>

{{Informative | The backslash must be the last character in a line when defining a multi-line macro. Any character (including spaces) after the backslash will cause issues.}}

=== #undef ===

Undefine (delete) a macro previously set by the use of #define.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#undef NAME
</syntaxhighlight>

=== #ifdef ===

You can use a simple if-then construction to check whether a certain set of definitions has already been made:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#ifdef NAME
	...text that will be used if NAME is defined...
#endif
</syntaxhighlight>

IFDEFs ''cannot'' be nested. The preprocessor will generate errors for all inner definitions if the outer definition doesn't exist.

=== #ifndef ===

Same as #ifdef, but checks for absence of definition instead.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#ifndef NAME
	...text that will be used if NAME ''isn't'' defined...
#endif
</syntaxhighlight>

=== #else ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#ifndef NAME
	...text that will be used if NAME is -not- defined...
#else
	...text that will be used if NAME -is- defined...
#endif
</syntaxhighlight>

=== #endif ===

This ends a conditional block as shown in the descriptions of #ifdef and #ifndef above.

=== #include ===

Copies the code from a target file and pastes it where #include directive is.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#include "file.hpp"
#include <file.txt> // Brackets are equivalent to quotation marks and may be used in their place.
</syntaxhighlight>

Source directory is:
* For any file without starting the include path with \ - the file's current directory
* When starting with \ - the internal filesystem root (see [[CMA:DevelopmentSetup#Addon_development|Addon_development]]) or the Game's working directory (only with [[Arma_3_Startup_Parameters#Developer_Options -filePatching]] enabled)


You can define a path beginning with:
* drive (only with [[Arma_3_Startup_Parameters#Developer_Options -filePatching]] enabled):<!--
--><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include "D:\file.txt"</syntaxhighlight><!--
-->
* PBO with [[PBOPREFIX]]:<!--
--><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> #include "\myMod\myAddon\file.txt"</syntaxhighlight>
* PBO (keep in mind that in this case, if the PBO's file name will be changed, all '#include' referencing it will need to be updated):<!--
--><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include"\myMod\myAddon\file.txt" // Arma 3\@myMod\addons\myAddon.pbo\file.txt;</syntaxhighlight>


To move to parent directory use '..' (two dots) (Supported in Arma 3 since v1.49.131707):
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#include "..\file.sqf"
</syntaxhighlight>

Preprocessor does not support the use of macros for pre-defined file names.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define path "codestrip.txt"
#include path // this will cause an error
</syntaxhighlight>

=== # ===

'#' (single hash) operator wraps the text with quotation marks.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define STRINGIFY(s) #s;
#define FOO 123
test1 = STRINGIFY(123); //test1 = "123";
test2 = STRINGIFY(FOO); //test2 = "123";
</syntaxhighlight>

This operator does only work on keywords following the rules for macro-names (see <tt>#define</tt>-section). If one wants to stringify anything else (like e.g. a number), one has to use a stringify-macro that takes an argment and stringifies that (as in the example above).
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MACRO Test #123
MACRO // preprocesses to Test 123 - note that there aren't any quotes inserted
</syntaxhighlight>

=== ## ===

'##' (double hash) operator concatenates what's before the ## with what's after it.
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define GLUE(g1,g2) g1##g2
#define FOO 123
#define BAR 456
test1 = GLUE(123,456); //test1 = 123456;
test2 = GLUE(FOO,BAR); //test2 = 123456;
</syntaxhighlight>

=== __EXEC ===

This '''config parser''' macro allows you to assign values to internal variables or just execute arbitrary code. The code inside <tt>__EXEC</tt> macros runs in [[parsingNamespace]] and variables defined in it will also be created in [[parsingNamespace]]. The variables can then be used to create more complex macros:

 __EXEC(cat = 5 + 1;)
 __EXEC(lev = cat - 2;)
 _cat = [[parsingNamespace]] [[getVariable]] "cat"; {{cc|6}}
 _lev = [[parsingNamespace]] [[getVariable]] "lev"; {{cc|4}}

{{Important | <tt>__EXEC</tt> macros are not suitable for <tt>SQF/SQS</tt> scripts but can be used in configs, including [[description.ext]]}}
{{Warning | <tt>__EXEC</tt> doesn't like round brackets <tt>()</tt> inside expressions. If you need to have grouping, perhaps you could calculate values inside the brackets separately and assign to local variables:
<code>__EXEC(a {{=}} (1+2);) {{cc|ERROR}}</code>
<code>__EXEC(_expr {{=}} 1+2;)
__EXEC(a {{=}} _expr;) {{cc|OK}}</code>
}}


=== __EVAL ===

With this '''config parser''' macro you can evaluate expressions, including previously assigned internal variables. Unlike with <tt>__EXEC</tt>, <tt>__EVAL</tt> supports multiple parentheses

 w = __EVAL([[safeZoneW]] - (5 * ((1 / ([[getResolution]] [[select]] 2)) * 1.25 * 4)));

<tt>__EVAL</tt> macros MUST be assigned to a config property and the expression MUST be terminated with <tt>;</tt>. <tt>__EVAL</tt> can return only 2 types of data: [[Number]] and [[String]]. Any other type is represented as [[String]], even [[Boolean]] type, which will result in either <tt>"true"</tt> or <tt>"false"</tt>.

{{Important | <tt>__EVAL</tt> macros macros are not suitable for <tt>SQF/SQS</tt> scripts but can be used in configs, including [[description.ext]]. Both global and local variables set in <tt>__EXEC</tt> are available in <tt>__EVAL</tt>}}
{{Warning | <tt>__EVAL</tt> doesn't like curly brackets <tt>{}</tt>, if you need to have code in your expression use [[compile]] [[String]] instead:
<code>result <nowiki>=</nowiki> __EVAL([[call]] {123}); {{cc|ERROR}}</code>
<code>result <nowiki>=</nowiki> __EVAL([[call]] [[compile]] "123"); {{cc|OK}}</code>}}


=== __LINE__ ===

This keyword gets replaced with the line number in the file where it is found. For example, if __LINE__ is found on the 10th line of a file, the word __LINE__ will be replaced with the number 10.

=== __FILE__ ===

This keyword gets replaced with the CURRENT file being processed.


== Errors ==

=== Error 2 ===

;Problem: Preprocessor failed error 2.

;How to fix: Add quotation marks in the title, or the file path. (''e.g.'' <tt>#include "soGood.sqf"</tt>).

=== Error 6 ===

;Problem: Preprocessor failed on file X - error 6.

;Known reasons:
* "The problem is using <tt>#ifdef #ifdef #endif #endif</tt>, a.k.a nested <tt>#ifdef</tt>. This doesn't work in Arma. It's only possible to use <tt>#ifdef</tt> and <tt>#endif</tt> once and not nested."
* <tt>#endif</tt> without preceding <tt>#ifdef</tt> or <tt>#ifndef</tt>

=== Error 7 ===

;Problem: Preprocessor failed on file X - error 7.

;Known reasons: The preprocessor encountered an unknown directive. Read, you have probably a typo in the file (something like <tt>#inlcude</tt> or <tt>#defien</tt>). Double check all preprocessor directives in that file.


== External links ==

* http://ofp-faguss.com/files/ofp_preprocessor_explained.pdf ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170319190732/http://ofp-faguss.com/files/ofp_preprocessor_explained.pdf Wayback Machine])
* [https://github.com/Krzmbrzl/ArmaPreprocessorTestCases Collection of preprocessor test-cases]


[[Category:Scripting_Topics]]