PreProcessor Commands
The parser allows you to use macros in configs. The purpose of macros is to re-use the same definition in scripts and configs multiple times. It also gives you a centralized place to correct errors in this definition.
If you really want to dig into the depths of the preprocessor you'll need to confront it with a bunch of edge cases and see how it behaves. If you are interested in this kind of thing, you might want to have a look at the collection of test-cases linked at the end of this page.
Parsing
- Config.cpp - parsed when PBO is binarized.
- localize cannot be used in macros, as it would hardcode string of current language instead of creating reference.
- Description.ext - parsed when mission is loaded or previewed in missions list.
- SQF script - parsed when preprocessFile, preprocessFileLineNumbers or execVM is used.
Macros
Comments
A comment is a line within code that is not actually processed by the game engine. They are used to make code more readable or to add notes for future reference. The preprocessor removes all comments from the file before it is processed. Therefore, comments are never actually "seen" by the game engine.
// this is a single-line comment /* this is a multi-line comment */ mycode = something; // only this part of the line is commented out myArray = ["apple"/*,"banana*/,"pear"]; // // a portion in the middle of this line is commented out
#define
Using the #define instruction, you can define a keyword and assign a definition to it. The keyword may contain any letter, digit or underscore in arbitrary order, as long as it doesn't start with a digit (RegEx: [a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]*). As an example:
#define true 1
The above means that whenever true is used in a config, the parser will replace this with the value 1.
The define-statement does swallow all spaces in between the macro-keyword and any non-space-character in the body (Note that tabs aren't spaces! They don't get removed)
#define MACRO test
MACRO // preprocesses to test (without any spaces)
#define MACRO test // There's a tab between MACRO and test
MACRO // preprocesses to " test" (without quotes - they are only used to show that the tab character didn't get removed)
The space between the macro-keyword and the body is also fully optional (though very useful to tell the preprocessor where the macro name ends and where the body begins):
#define MACRO#test
MACRO // preprocesses to "test"
Arguments
You can add arguments to more complex macros, by including them between brackets after the keyword. For the name of the arguments the same rule as for the macro-keyword (see above) apply.
#define CAR(NAME) displayName = NAME;
If you now use CAR("Mini"), this will be replaced with displayName = "Mini";. Multiple arguments can also be used:
#define BLASTOFF(UNIT,RATE) UNIT setVelocity [0,0,RATE];
Macro arguments may be composed of any characters, as long as they do not contain a comma (because commas are used as argument-delimiters). If quotes are being used, they have to be balanced. The same applies to single-quotes This is because String detection is working in macro arguments - Therefore you can even pass in commas as a macro argument as long as they are part of a String (This only works with Strings wrapped in double-quotes though). Note however that although the macro gets resolved properly, the comma gets removed from the String (probably a bug).
#define MACRO(arg) arg
MACRO("Some, content") // preprocesses to "Some content" (note the missing comma)
Quote escaping is also not supported in this context (neither with double- nor with single-quotes)
#define MACRO(arg) arg
MACRO("Some ""content""") // preprocesses to "Some ""content"""
Passing arrays with more than one element [el1,el2,...] as arguments into macros as well as any argument containing comas "some, sentence", will need a small workaround:
#define HINTARG(ARG) hint ("Passed argument: " + str ARG)
Incorrect usage:
HINTARG([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]); // ERROR, won't even compile
Correct usage:
#define array1 [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
HINTARG(array1); // SUCCESS
The argument replacement is performed before the expansion of the macro body. That means one doesn't have to worry about name-conflicts between argument-names of the current macro and already defined macros:
#define ONE foo
#define TWO(ONE) ONE
TWO(bar) // will preprocess to bar
Replacing parts of words
By default, you can only replace whole words by arguments. If you need to replace only part of a word, you can use the ## instruction. This is necessary when either the start or the end of the argument connects to another character that is not a ; (semi-colon) or (space).
class NAME##_Button_Slider: RscText \
{ \
model = \OFP2\Structures\Various\##FOLDER##\##FOLDER; \
You can also use the single # to convert an argument to a string.
statement = (this animate [#SEL, 0]); \
Multi-line
For longer definitions, you can stretch the macro across multiple lines. To create a multi-line definition, each line except the last one should end with a \ character:
#define DRAWBUTTON(NAME)\
__EXEC(idcNav = idcNav + 4) \
...
#undef
Undefine (delete) a macro previously set by the use of #define.
#undef NAME
#ifdef
You can use a simple if-then construction to check whether a certain set of definitions has already been made:
#ifdef NAME
...text that will be used if NAME is defined...
#endif
IFDEFs cannot be nested. The preprocessor will generate errors for all inner definitions if the outer definition doesn't exist.
#ifndef
Same as #ifdef, but checks for absence of definition instead.
#ifndef NAME
...text that will be used if NAME ''isn't'' defined...
#endif
#else
#ifndef NAME
...text that will be used if NAME is -not- defined...
#else
...text that will be used if NAME -is- defined...
#endif
#endif
This ends a conditional block as shown in the descriptions of #ifdef and #ifndef above.
#include
Copies the code from a target file and pastes it where #include directive is.
#include "file.hpp"
#include <file.txt> // Brackets are equivalent to quotation marks and may be used in their place.
Source directory is:
- For any file without starting the include path with \ - the file's current directory
- When starting with \ - the internal filesystem root (see Addon Development) or the Game's working directory (only with -filePatching enabled)
You can define a path beginning with:
- drive (only with -filePatching enabled):
#include "D:\file.txt"
- PBO with PBOPREFIX:
#include "\myMod\myAddon\file.txt"
- PBO (keep in mind that in this case, if the PBO's file name will be changed, all '#include' referencing it will need to be updated):
#include"\myMod\myAddon\file.txt" // Arma 3\@myMod\addons\myAddon.pbo\file.txt;
To move to parent directory use '..' (two dots) (Supported in Arma 3 since v1.49.131707):
#include "..\file.sqf"
Preprocessor does not support the use of macros for pre-defined file names.
#define path "codestrip.txt"
#include path // this will cause an error
#
'#' (single hash) operator wraps the text with quotation marks.
#define STRINGIFY(s) #s;
#define FOO 123
test1 = STRINGIFY(123); //test1 = "123";
test2 = STRINGIFY(FOO); //test2 = "123";
This operator does only work on keywords following the rules for macro-names (see #define-section). If one wants to stringify anything else (like e.g. a number), one has to use a stringify-macro that takes an argument and stringifies that (as in the example above).
#define MACRO Test #123
MACRO // preprocesses to Test 123 - note that there aren't any quotes inserted
##
'##' (double hash) operator concatenates what's before the ## with what's after it.
#define GLUE(g1,g2) g1##g2
#define FOO 123
#define BAR 456
test1 = GLUE(123,456); //test1 = 123456;
test2 = GLUE(FOO,BAR); //test2 = 123456;
__EXEC
This config parser macro allows you to assign values to internal variables or just execute arbitrary code. The code inside __EXEC macros runs in parsingNamespace and variables defined in it will also be created in parsingNamespace. The variables can then be used to create more complex macros:
__EXEC(cat = 5 + 1;) __EXEC(lev = cat - 2;) _cat = parsingNamespace getVariable "cat"; // 6 _lev = parsingNamespace getVariable "lev"; // 4
__EVAL
With this config parser macro you can evaluate expressions, including previously assigned internal variables. Unlike with __EXEC, __EVAL supports multiple parentheses
w = __EVAL(safeZoneW - (5 * ((1 / (getResolution select 2)) * 1.25 * 4)));
__EVAL macros must be assigned to a config property and the expression must be terminated with ;. __EVAL can only return Number or String: . Any other type is represented as String, even Boolean type, which will result in either "true" or "false".
__LINE__
This keyword gets replaced with the line number in the file where it is found. For example, if __LINE__ is found on the 10th line of a file, the word __LINE__ will be replaced with the number 10.
__FILE__
This keyword gets replaced with the CURRENT file being processed.
__HAS_INCLUDE
Description: Checks if given file exists.
#if __HAS_INCLUDE("\z\ace\addons\main\script_component.hpp")
// File exists! Do something with it
#else
// File does not exist
#endif
__DATE_ARR__
Description: Is replaced for current date in format array.
__DATE_ARR__ // 2020,10,28,15,17,42
__DATE_STR__
Description: Is replaced for current date in format string.
__DATE_STR__ // "2020/10/28, 15:17:42"
__DATE_STR__
Description: Is replaced for current date in format string.
__DATE_STR__ // "2020/10/28, 15:17:42"
__DATE_STR_ISO8601__
Description: Is replaced for current date in format string. The date is presented in ISO8601 standard.
__DATE_STR_ISO8601__ // "2020-10-28T14:17:42Z"
__TIME__
Description: Is replaced for current time.
__TIME__ // 15:17:42
__TIME_UTC__
Description: Is replaced for UTC time.
__TIME_UTC__ // 14:17:42
__COUNTER__
Description: Counts 1 up everytime it is defined.
__COUNTER__ // 0 __COUNTER__ // 2 __COUNTER__ // 3 __COUNTER_RESET__ __COUNTER__ // 0 __COUNTER__ // 1 __COUNTER__ // 2
__COUNTER_RESET__
Description: Resets counter. See example above.
__RAND_INTN
Description: Gets replaced by a random N bit integer. N can be replaced by 8, 16, 32 and 64
__RAND_INT8__ // 102
__RAND_UINTN
Description: Gets replaced by a random unsigned N bit integer. N can be replaced by 8, 16, 32 and 64
__RAND_UINT8__ // 108
__GAME_VER__
Description: Gets replaced by the game version.
__GAME_VER__ // 02.00.146790
__GAME_VER_MAJ__
Description: Gets replaced by the major game version.
__GAME_VER_MAJ__ // 02
__GAME_VER_MIN__
Description: Gets replaced by the minor game version.
__GAME_VER_MIN__ // 00
__GAME_BUILD__
Description: Gets replaced by the build number.
__GAME_BUILD__ // 146790
__ARMA__
Description: Template:Stub
__ARMA__ // 1
__ARMA3__
Description: Template:Stub
__ARMA3__ // 1
__A3_DEBUG__
Description: This macro is only set when the -debug parameter was provided. It can be used to switch your mods or scripts to debug mode dynamically.
__A3_DEBUG__ // 1 (If -debug was enabled)
__GAME_BUILD__
Description: Gets replaced by the build number. 146790
__GAME_BUILD__ // 146790
Errors
Error 2
- Problem
- Preprocessor failed error 2.
- How to fix
- Add quotation marks in the title, or the file path. (e.g. #include "soGood.sqf").
Error 6
- Problem
- Preprocessor failed on file X - error 6.
- Known reasons
- "The problem is using #ifdef #ifdef #endif #endif, a.k.a nested #ifdef. This doesn't work in Arma. It's only possible to use #ifdef and #endif once and not nested."
- #endif without preceding #ifdef or #ifndef
Error 7
- Problem
- Preprocessor failed on file X - error 7.
- Known reasons
- The preprocessor encountered an unknown directive. Read, you have probably a typo in the file (something like #inlcude or #defien). Double-check all preprocessor directives in that file.
External links
- [https:{{cc|web.archive.org/web/20170319190732/http:{{cc|ofp-faguss.com/files/ofp_preprocessor_explained.pdf Operation Flashpoint - Preprocessor Guide (Wayback Machine)]
- [https:{{cc|github.com/Krzmbrzl/ArmaPreprocessorTestCases Collection of preprocessor test-cases]